選型注意事項

  S7-300PLC的選型原則是據(jù)生產工藝所需的功能和容量進行選型，并考慮維護的方便性、備件的通用性，以及是否易于擴展和有無特殊功能等要求。選型時具體注意以下幾方面：

  (1)有關參數(shù)確定。一是輸入/輸出點數(shù)(I/O點數(shù))確定。這是確定PLC規(guī)模的一個重要依據(jù)，一定要根據(jù)實際情況留出適當余量和擴展余地。二是PLC存儲容量確定。注意當系統(tǒng)有模擬量信號存在或要進行大量數(shù)據(jù)處理時，其存儲容量應選大一些。

  (2)系統(tǒng)軟硬件選擇。一是擴展方式選擇，S7-300PLC有多種擴展方式，實際選用時，可通過控制系統(tǒng)接口模塊擴展機架、Profibus-DP現(xiàn)場總線、通信模塊、運程I/O及PLC子站等多種方式來擴展PLC或預留擴展口;二是PLC的聯(lián)網，包括PLC與計算機聯(lián)網和PLC之間相互聯(lián)網兩種方式。因S7-300PLC的工業(yè)通信網絡淡化了PLC與DCS的界限，聯(lián)網的解決方案很多，用戶可根據(jù)企業(yè)的要求選用;三是CPU的選擇，CPU的選型是合理配置系統(tǒng)資源的關鍵，選擇時必須根據(jù)控制系統(tǒng)對CPU的要求(包括系統(tǒng)集成功能、程序塊數(shù)量限制、各種位資源、MPI接口能力、是否有

  PROFIBUS-DP主從接口、RAM容量、溫度范圍等)，并好在西門子公司的技術支持下進行，以獲得合理的選型;四是編程軟件的選擇，這主要考慮對CPU的支持狀況，我們的體會是：STEP7V4.0對有些型號的CPU不支持，硬件組態(tài)時會發(fā)生故障出錯，而STEP7V5.0則不存在這種問題。

  二、設計及使用注意事項

  1. 設計注意事項

  設計時主要應注意以下幾方面：

  (1)PLC輸出電路中沒有保護，因此在外部電路中應設置串聯(lián)熔斷器等保護裝置，以防止負載短路造成PLC損壞。熔斷器容量一般為0.5A。

  (2)PLC存在I/O響應延遲問題，因此在快速響應設備中應加以注意。MPI通信協(xié)議雖簡單易行，但響應速度較慢。

  (3)編制控制程序時，好用模塊式結構程序。這樣既可增強程序的可讀性，方便調試和維護工作;又能使數(shù)據(jù)庫結構統(tǒng)一，方便WinCC組態(tài)時變量標簽的統(tǒng)一編制和設備狀態(tài)的統(tǒng)一顯示。

  (4)硬件資源。要合理配置硬件資源，以提高系統(tǒng)可靠性。如PLC電源配電系統(tǒng)要配備冗余的UPS不間斷電源，以排除停電對全線運行的不利影響。又如對電機的控制回路要進行繼電器隔離，以消除外部負載對I/O模塊的可能損壞。另外，系統(tǒng)設備要采用獨立的接地系統(tǒng)，以減少雜波干擾。

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