我們新研制出一種用于紙漿白度測(cè)定的智能白度儀，該儀表采用西門子公司生產(chǎn)的S7-224 CPU結(jié)合軟件功能進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)處理，具有較好的可靠性、重復(fù)性、精確度和穩(wěn)定性。為了使其能與其它智能設(shè)備之間實(shí)現(xiàn)通信，我們將通過(guò)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)總線技術(shù)把它連接到網(wǎng)絡(luò)中，使它成為造紙廠現(xiàn)場(chǎng)總線控制系統(tǒng)的一部分。

2.現(xiàn)場(chǎng)總線的選擇

  2.1現(xiàn)場(chǎng)總線技術(shù)的選擇

  現(xiàn)場(chǎng)總線集控制技術(shù)、計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)、通信技術(shù)于一體，是當(dāng)今自動(dòng)化領(lǐng)域技術(shù)發(fā)展的熱點(diǎn)之一。這項(xiàng)技術(shù)可將多個(gè)智能控制儀表連接成網(wǎng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)，實(shí)現(xiàn)分布式計(jì)算機(jī)控制，提高檢測(cè)和控制精度，改善系統(tǒng)的動(dòng)態(tài)響應(yīng)速度，提高系統(tǒng)安全性，從而得到了廣泛的應(yīng)用。

  近年來(lái)，幾種有影響的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)總線技術(shù)已在一些特定的應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域里顯示出各自的優(yōu)勢(shì)。在此，我們選定了現(xiàn)為德國(guó)和歐洲標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的PROFIBUS（Process Fieldbus）現(xiàn)場(chǎng)總線。一方面由于它是目前數(shù)據(jù)傳輸率快的一種現(xiàn)場(chǎng)總線，傳輸率高可達(dá)12Mbps，另一方面它能夠很好的與西門子的傳動(dòng)設(shè)備相配合，并與西門子PLC（Programmable Logic Controller）結(jié)合緊密且組態(tài)簡(jiǎn)便。

  2.2 PROFIBUS現(xiàn)場(chǎng)總線簡(jiǎn)介

  參照ISO/OSI參考模型,PROFIBUS現(xiàn)場(chǎng)總線只包含物理層、數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層和應(yīng)用層。由PROFIBUS-DP，PROFIBUS-FMS， PROFIBUS-PA組成PROFIBUS系列。

  PROFIBUS-DP：經(jīng)過(guò)優(yōu)化的高速、廉價(jià)的通信連接，專為自動(dòng)控制系統(tǒng)和設(shè)備級(jí)分散I/O之間通信設(shè)計(jì)，使用PROFIBUS-DP模塊可取代價(jià)格昂貴的24V或0～20mA并行信號(hào)線。用于分布式控制系統(tǒng)的高速數(shù)據(jù)傳輸。

  PROFIBUS-FMS ：解決車間級(jí)通用性通信任務(wù)，提供大量的通信服務(wù)，完成中等傳輸速度的循環(huán)和非循環(huán)通信任務(wù)，用于紡織工業(yè)、樓宇自動(dòng)化、電氣傳動(dòng)、傳感器和執(zhí)行器、可編程序控制器、低壓開(kāi)關(guān)設(shè)備等一般自動(dòng)化控制。

  PROFIBUS-PA專為過(guò)程自動(dòng)化設(shè)計(jì)，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的本質(zhì)安全的傳輸技術(shù)，實(shí)現(xiàn)了IEC1158-2中規(guī)定的通信規(guī)程，用于對(duì)安全性要求高的場(chǎng)合及由總線供電的站點(diǎn)。

  本設(shè)計(jì)中采用的是PROFIBUS-DP標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，PROFIBUS-DP（或DP標(biāo)準(zhǔn)）是由歐洲標(biāo)準(zhǔn)EN50170定義的一種遠(yuǎn)程I/O通信協(xié)議。DP表示分布式外圍設(shè)備，亦即遠(yuǎn)程I/O。PROFIBUS-DP還用到了應(yīng)用層接口（ALI），ALI將過(guò)程對(duì)象轉(zhuǎn)換為通信對(duì)象。

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