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　廣州地鐵三號(hào)線集中冷站系統(tǒng)構(gòu)成及特點(diǎn)
　　廣州地鐵三號(hào)線集中冷站采用了施耐德高端PL C QUANTUM 控制器系列，對(duì)集中冷站和車站進(jìn)行控制，各車站與集中冷站之間采用多模光纖以太網(wǎng)通訊方式，通訊協(xié)議為MODBUS TCP .大大保證了通訊速率和通訊信息量的要求，同時(shí)也保證了通訊距離和系統(tǒng)的安全可靠性。送排風(fēng)及空調(diào)系統(tǒng)采用變頻器調(diào)節(jié)風(fēng)量，水系統(tǒng)二次泵也均采用變頻器調(diào)節(jié)。變頻器與通過Modbus通訊接口接入就地遠(yuǎn)程I/O箱的遠(yuǎn)程通訊模塊上，大大減少了通訊線的距離，避免了干擾。
　　● 集中冷站系統(tǒng)構(gòu)成
　　○ 集中冷站供冷系統(tǒng)由集中冷站，傳輸管道和末端設(shè)備構(gòu)成
　　○ 其中供冷系統(tǒng)圖如圖1-1，冷站系統(tǒng)圖如圖1-2
集中冷站系統(tǒng)特點(diǎn)
　　與分站供冷方式相比，集中冷站供冷系統(tǒng)需要為多個(gè)車站供冷，在供冷范圍和數(shù)量上都要大得多，有以下幾個(gè)主要特點(diǎn)：
　　● 冷凍水傳輸距離長。一般地鐵站距在1000米左右，本系統(tǒng)為6個(gè)車站供冷，冷凍水傳輸距離將達(dá) 2000～3000米。長距離傳輸，管路的阻力大為增加，并且系統(tǒng)的熱惰性加大，增大了系統(tǒng)的調(diào)節(jié)難度
　　● 末端設(shè)備數(shù)量多，供冷管路形成網(wǎng)絡(luò)。由于各站的負(fù)荷情況不同，系統(tǒng)調(diào)節(jié)時(shí)易導(dǎo)致出現(xiàn)相互影響，需考慮整個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的整體水力平衡
　　● 集中冷站供冷系統(tǒng)的制冷部分，通常采用多機(jī)組，二級(jí)泵的形式。這種形式適應(yīng)了長距離管路輸送阻力較大的情況，能夠減小末端系統(tǒng)對(duì)冷機(jī)的影響。但是增加了泵的數(shù)量和管路復(fù)雜性，使調(diào)節(jié)控制的難度加大
　　調(diào)節(jié)控制方法與策略
　　調(diào)節(jié)控制手段
　　● 廣州地鐵三號(hào)線集中供冷系統(tǒng)中，PLC采用的調(diào)節(jié)控制手段有：
　　○ 風(fēng)機(jī)變頻變風(fēng)量(末端設(shè)備)
　　○ 水泵變頻變水量
　○ 水閥調(diào)水量
　　○ 質(zhì)調(diào)節(jié)
　　調(diào)控手段的選擇
　　由于管路很長，冷凍水從集中冷站到末端設(shè)備需要運(yùn)行數(shù)十分鐘，如果采用質(zhì)調(diào)節(jié)，則調(diào)節(jié)時(shí)滯太大。因此在實(shí)時(shí)控制中，主要采用量調(diào)節(jié)的方式(包括風(fēng)量調(diào)節(jié)和水量調(diào)節(jié))。質(zhì)調(diào)節(jié)則采用開環(huán)方式，根據(jù)外溫或季節(jié)確定冷凍水溫，并在一定時(shí)間內(nèi)(比如1天內(nèi))保持相對(duì)穩(wěn)定。
　　二級(jí)泵管路長，阻力大，且流量直接受末端負(fù)荷的影響，因此二級(jí)泵采用變頻調(diào)節(jié)，可以達(dá)到較好的節(jié)能效果。同時(shí)為了保證通過冷水機(jī)組的水量，一級(jí)泵采用定速泵，并與冷機(jī)對(duì)應(yīng)運(yùn)行，不進(jìn)行變頻調(diào)節(jié)。
　　從節(jié)能的角度考慮，優(yōu)先考慮節(jié)能效果較好的風(fēng)機(jī)變頻和水泵變頻調(diào)節(jié)，盡量少使用水閥調(diào)水量的方法。
　　控制調(diào)節(jié)的策略
　　初調(diào)節(jié)
　　集中冷站供冷的管路復(fù)雜，不同支路之間的阻力差距大，因此需要進(jìn)行認(rèn)真的系統(tǒng)初調(diào)節(jié)，以免系統(tǒng)水力失調(diào)，導(dǎo)致運(yùn)行調(diào)節(jié)無法正常進(jìn)行。
　　● 初調(diào)節(jié)目標(biāo)：
　　○ 驗(yàn)證系統(tǒng)可以達(dá)到設(shè)計(jì)工況
　　○ 實(shí)現(xiàn)系統(tǒng)的水力平衡，為運(yùn)行調(diào)節(jié)準(zhǔn)備條件。
　　● 調(diào)節(jié)步驟
　　經(jīng)多次調(diào)整，使系統(tǒng)內(nèi)各機(jī)組的流量基本相同(如機(jī)組型號(hào)不同，則各機(jī)組的流量比值應(yīng)基本相同。流量比值=實(shí)際流量/設(shè)計(jì)流量)。且至少1個(gè)機(jī)組的閥門為全開狀態(tài)。
　　1、調(diào)整一級(jí)泵系統(tǒng)水力平衡
　　2、設(shè)計(jì)頻率整定

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